What Happens from Server to Web Browser

Each time you click on a link in a web page or type an address into your web browser you are making a 'request' for a certain document. That request is handled with the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and sent over the Internet to the server which holds the document in question. If all goes well the server responds by sending the document -- usually a web page of text and graphics.

HTTP is part of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. It is used by a 'client' such as a web browser to establish a connection with the server which hosts a particular website. The server waits for incoming requests by monitoring TCP port 80.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used to create connections between two computers on the Internet so they can exchange data. TCP has provisions for identifying the requesting computer and for transmitting data with time stamps so that it can be reassembled in the correct order once it arrives at its destination.

There are several TCP ports which have standardized uses. TCP port 21, for example, is usually reserved for FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for uploading and downloading files. Port 80 is usually used for HTTP.

If the server receives a request string on TCP port 80 in the form of GET / HTTP/1.1 it will send a response code depending on whether the requested web page is available or not. A typical request goes like this:
GET /faq.html HTTP/1.1Host: http://www.plrarticlecollection.co.cc/ The 'Host' needs to be specified to distinguish websites which are hosted on shared servers. If faq.html is available the server will respond:
HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Mon, 12 October 2005 22:38:34 GMTServer: Apache/1.3.27 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux)Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Jan 2003 23:11:55 GMT followed by the actual web page.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK means that the requested web page is available. Other codes can also be returned. The code 404, for example, means that the server cannot find the requested page. The web page is sent via TCP as a series of data packets each with a header that specifies its destination and order in the data stream. The various packets can all take different paths to reach their destination. Each is sent through a router which polls other routers which are close by. If a connection with the first router is unavailable the data will be sent through another one.

As the data is received the client (the web browser) sends back an acknowledgement. This ensures that all the packets are received within a certain time. If not, they will be re-transmitted by the server. TCP also checks that the data is undamaged. The data is reassembled in the correct order thanks to the sequence number of each data packet. Voila! The web page appears on your computer screen.

The TCP connection can be kept alive for additional requests from the client. This allows several pages to be requested within a short time period without causing the overhead of opening and closing TCP ports. Either client or server can close the connection at any time.

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The Real Value of Online Marketing Tools & Those Freebies

The other day I happened upon a site where I was invited to subscribe to the webmaster's ezine. All good and well and of course good marketing to have a subscribe page and way of capturing visitors emails on your site.

Well I produce a newsletter and I think it is fairly good quality. I would have no idea what to value it at, after all only the subscriber can properly put a perceived value on the ezine they receive.

And what about all these ebooks which apparently have a resale value of $47, or $97 or more. Who are you going to get to buy these ebooks when everywhere you look the same ebooks are being given out for free.

Many websites and sales pages will attempt to persuade you to buy their product by throwing in a large number of bonuses worth hundreds of dollars of course and what are they, the same old ebooks again. And while some of these ebooks are actually worth reading, they now have no real value as they are distributed for free everywhere you look.

If you want to get someone to signup for your newsletter or buy your product or service you need to offer something of real value something they cannot get hold of anywhere else, or certainly not for the price you are offering it at.

If you produce a newsletter or report, don't place a fictious value on it that cannot be backed up. We are so used to having freebies, bonuses, extras etc pushed in our faces that they no longer really work and to stand out from the crowd, you need to be different. Stick to real quality, proper value and you will get subscribers, sales and signups.

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